The coordinates of a particle with respect to origin in a given reference frame is (1, 1, 1) meters. If a force of $\vec{F} = \hat{i} - \hat{j} + \hat{k}$ acts on the particle, then the magnitude of torque (with respect to origin) in z-direction is __________.

<p>The torque $\vec{\tau}$ acting on the particle with respect to the origin can be calculated using the cross product of the position vector $\vec{r}$ and the force vector $\vec{F}$:</p> <p>$\vec{\tau} = \vec{r} \times \vec{F}$</p> <p>Given the position vector $\vec{r} = (1, 1, 1) \, \text{m}$ and the force vector $\vec{F} = \hat{i} - \hat{j} + \hat{k}$, we need to calculate the cross product:</p> <p>$$ \vec{\tau} = \begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & -1 & 1 \end{vmatrix} $$</p> <p>Calculating the determinant, we have:</p> <p>$$ \vec{\tau} = \hat{i} \left(1 \cdot 1 - 1 \cdot (-1)\right) - \hat{j} \left(1 \cdot 1 - 1 \cdot 1\right) + \hat{k} \left(1 \cdot (-1) - 1 \cdot 1\right) $$</p> <p>This simplifies to:</p> <p>$\vec{\tau} = \hat{i}(1 + 1) - \hat{j}(1 - 1) + \hat{k}(-1 - 1)$</p> <p>$\vec{\tau} = 2\hat{i} - 0\hat{j} - 2\hat{k}$</p> <p>The torque vector is $\vec{\tau} = 2\hat{i} - 2\hat{k}$.</p> <p>To find the magnitude of the torque in the z-direction, we look at the $\hat{k}$ component:</p> <p>$\tau_z = -2$</p> <p>The magnitude of torque in the z-direction is:</p> <p>$|\tau_z| = 2 \, \text{Nm}$</p> <p>Thus, the magnitude of the torque in the z-direction is 2 Newton-meters.</p>