In hydrogen like system the ratio of coulombian force and gravitational force between an electron and a proton is in the order of :

<p>To find the ratio of the Coulombic force to the gravitational force between an electron and a proton in a hydrogen-like system, we use the formulae for both forces and then divide them.</p> <p>The Coulombic (electrostatic) force, $F_C$, between two charges is given by Coulomb's law:</p> <p>$F_C = k \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$</p> <p>where $k$ is Coulomb's constant ($8.987 \times 10^9 \, \text{Nm}^2\text{C}^{-2}$), $q_1$ and $q_2$ are the magnitudes of the charges, and $r$ is the distance between the charges. For a proton and an electron, $q_1 = q_2 = e$, where $e$ is the elementary charge ($1.602 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{C}$).</p> <p>The gravitational force, $F_G$, between two masses is given by Newton's law of universal gravitation:</p> <p>$F_G = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$</p> <p>where $G$ is the gravitational constant ($6.674 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{Nm}^2\text{kg}^{-2}$), and $m_1$ and $m_2$ are the masses of the two objects. For a proton and an electron, $m_p \approx 1.673 \times 10^{-27} \, \text{kg}$ and $m_e \approx 9.109 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg}$, respectively.</p> <p>The ratio of the Coulombic to the gravitational force is therefore:</p> <p>$\frac{F_C}{F_G} = \frac{k \frac{|e^2|}{r^2}}{G \frac{m_p m_e}{r^2}} = \frac{k e^2}{G m_p m_e}$</p> <p>Plugging in the values:</p> <p>$\frac{F_C}{F_G} = \frac{(8.987 \times 10^9) (1.602 \times 10^{-19})^2}{(6.674 \times 10^{-11}) (1.673 \times 10^{-27}) (9.109 \times 10^{-31})}$</p> <p>$\frac{F_C}{F_G} = \frac{(8.987 \times 10^9) \times (2.568 \times 10^{-38})}{(6.674 \times 10^{-11}) \times (1.523 \times 10^{-57})}$</p> <p>$\frac{F_C}{F_G} \approx 2.3 \times 10^{39}$</p> <p>Therefore, the ratio of the Coulombic force to the gravitational force between an electron and a proton in a hydrogen-like system is on the order of $10^{39}$, making Option B the correct answer.</p>