Let $$f_{n}=\int_\limits{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\left(\sum_\limits{k=1}^{n} \sin ^{k-1} x\right)\left(\sum_\limits{k=1}^{n}(2 k-1) \sin ^{k-1} x\right) \cos x d x, n \in \mathbb{N}$$. Then $f_{21}-f_{20}$ is equal to _________
Answer (integer)
41
Solution
Given, $$f_{n}=\int_\limits{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\left(\sum_\limits{k=1}^{n} \sin ^{k-1} x\right)\left(\sum_\limits{k=1}^{n}(2 k-1) \sin ^{k-1} x\right) \cos x d x$$
<br/><br/>$$
\begin{aligned}
& \text { Put } \sin x=t \\\\
& \cos x d x=d t \\\\
& f_n=\int_0^1\left(\sum_{k=1}^n(t)^{k-1}\right)\left(\sum_{k=1}^n(2 k-1)(t)^{k-1}\right) d t
\end{aligned}
$$
<br/><br/>$\therefore$ $$
\begin{aligned}
f_{21}=\int_0^1\left(\sum_{k=1}^{21}(t)^{20}\right)\left(\sum_{k=1}^{21}(2 k-1)(t)^{20}\right) d t
\end{aligned}
$$
<br/><br/>= $$\int\limits_0^1 {\left( {{t^0} + {t^1} + {t^2} + ...... + {t^{20}}} \right)\left( {1{t^0} + 3{t^1} + 5{t^2} + ...... + 41{t^{20}}} \right)} dt$$
<br/><br/>$\therefore$ $$
\begin{aligned}
f_{20}=\int_0^1\left(\sum_{k=1}^{20}(t)^{19}\right)\left(\sum_{k=1}^{20}(2 k-1)(t)^{19}\right) d t
\end{aligned}
$$
<br/><br/>= $$\int\limits_0^1 {\left( {{t^0} + {t^1} + {t^2} + ...... + {t^{19}}} \right)\left( {1{t^0} + 3{t^1} + 5{t^2} + ...... + 39{t^{19}}} \right)} dt$$
<br/><br/>Now, $f_{21}-f_{20}$
<br/><br/>$$
\begin{aligned}
=\int_0^1\left(1+t+t^2+\ldots .\right. & \left.+t^{19}\right)(41) t^{20} \\
& +\left(1+3 t+5 t^2+\ldots . .+41 t^{20}\right) t^{20} d t
\end{aligned}
$$
<br/><br/>$$
\begin{aligned}
& =\left(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\ldots+\frac{1}{40}\right) 41+\left(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{3}{22}+\ldots . .+\frac{39}{40}+\frac{41}{41}\right) \\\\
& =\left[\frac{42}{21}+\frac{44}{22}+\frac{46}{23}+\ldots .+\frac{80}{40}+\frac{41}{41}\right] \\\\
& =40+1=41
\end{aligned}
$$
About this question
Subject: Mathematics · Chapter: Definite Integration · Topic: Properties of Definite Integrals
This question is part of PrepWiser's free JEE Main question bank. 216 more solved questions on Definite Integration are available — start with the harder ones if your accuracy is >70%.