Let $f:(0, \infty) \rightarrow \mathbf{R}$ be a twice differentiable function. If for some $a\ne 0, \int\limits_0^1 f(\lambda x) \mathrm{d} \mathrm{\lambda}=a f(x), f(1)=1$ and $f(16)=\frac{1}{8}$, then $16-f^{\prime}\left(\frac{1}{16}\right)$ is equal to __________.
Answer (integer)
112
Solution
<p>$$\begin{aligned}
& \int_0^1 \mathrm{f}(\lambda \mathrm{x}) \mathrm{d} \lambda=\mathrm{af}(\mathrm{x}) \\
& \lambda \mathrm{x}=\mathrm{t} \\
& \mathrm{~d} \lambda=\frac{1}{\mathrm{x}} \mathrm{dt} \\
& \frac{1}{\mathrm{x}} \int_0^{\mathrm{x}} \mathrm{f}(\mathrm{t}) \mathrm{dt}=\mathrm{af}(\mathrm{x}) \\
& \int_0^{\mathrm{x}} \mathrm{f}(\mathrm{t}) \mathrm{dt}=\mathrm{axf}(\mathrm{x}) \\
& \mathrm{f}(\mathrm{x})=\mathrm{a}\left(\mathrm{x} \mathrm{f}^{\prime}(\mathrm{x})+\mathrm{f}(\mathrm{x})\right) \\
& (1-\mathrm{a}) \mathrm{f}(\mathrm{x})=\mathrm{a} \cdot \mathrm{x} \mathrm{f}^{\prime}(\mathrm{x}) \\
& \frac{\mathrm{f}^{\prime}(\mathrm{x})}{\mathrm{f}(\mathrm{x})}=\frac{(1-\mathrm{a})}{\mathrm{a}} \frac{1}{\mathrm{x}} \\
& \ell \operatorname{lnf}(\mathrm{x})=\frac{1-\mathrm{a}}{\mathrm{a}} \ell \mathrm{n} \mathrm{x}+\mathrm{c} \\
& \mathrm{x}=1, \mathrm{f}(1)=1 \Rightarrow \mathrm{c}=0 \\
& \mathrm{x}=16, \mathrm{f}(16)=\frac{1}{8}
\end{aligned}$$</p>
<p>$$\begin{aligned}
& \frac{1}{8}=(16)^{\frac{1-a}{a}} \Rightarrow-3=\frac{4-4 a}{a} \Rightarrow \mathrm{a}=4 \\
& \mathrm{f}(\mathrm{x})=\mathrm{x}^{-\frac{3}{4}} \\
& \mathrm{f}^{\prime}(\mathrm{x})=-\frac{3}{4} \mathrm{x}^{-\frac{7}{4}} \\
& \therefore \quad 16-\mathrm{f}^{\prime}\left(\frac{1}{16}\right) \\
& =16-\left(-\frac{3}{4}\left(2^{-4}\right)^{-7 / 4}\right) \\
& =16+96=112
\end{aligned}$$</p>
About this question
Subject: Mathematics · Chapter: Definite Integration · Topic: Properties of Definite Integrals
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