If the coefficients of three consecutive terms in the expansion of $(1+x)^{n}$ are in the ratio $1: 5: 20$, then the coefficient of the fourth term is
Solution
$$
\begin{aligned}
& \text { Given: }{ }^n \mathrm{C}_{r-1}:{ }^n \mathrm{C}_r:{ }^n \mathrm{C}_{r+1} \\\\
& =1: 5: 20 \\\\
& \Rightarrow \frac{n !}{(r-1) !(n-r+1) !} \times \frac{r !(n-r) !}{n !}=\frac{1}{5} \\\\
& \Rightarrow \frac{r}{(n-r+1)}=\frac{1}{5} \\\\
& \Rightarrow 5 r=n-r+1 \\\\
& \Rightarrow n=6 r-1 ........(i)
\end{aligned}
$$
<br/><br/>$$
\begin{aligned}
& \text { Also, } \frac{n}{r !(n-r) !} \times \frac{(r+1) !(n-r-1) !}{n !}=\frac{5}{20}=\frac{1}{20} \\\\
& \Rightarrow \frac{(r+1)}{(n-r)}=\frac{1}{4} \\\\
& \Rightarrow 4 r+4=n-r \\\\
& \Rightarrow n=5 r+4 ..........(ii)
\end{aligned}
$$
<br/><br/>From (i) and (ii), we get
<br/><br/>$$
\begin{aligned}
& 6 r-1=5 r+4 \\\\
& \Rightarrow r=5 \\\\
& \text { So, } n=5(5)+4=29 \\\\
& \text { So, coefficient of } 4{ }^{\text {th }} \text { terms }={ }^n \mathrm{C}_3={ }^{29} \mathrm{C}_3 \\\\
& =\frac{29 !}{3 ! 26 !}=\frac{29 \times 28 \times 27}{3 \times 2}=3654
\end{aligned}
$$
About this question
Subject: Mathematics · Chapter: Binomial Theorem · Topic: Binomial Expansion
This question is part of PrepWiser's free JEE Main question bank. 193 more solved questions on Binomial Theorem are available — start with the harder ones if your accuracy is >70%.