Choose the correct statements from the following :

(A) Ethane-1, 2-diamine is a chelating ligand.

(B) Metallic aluminium is produced by electrolysis of aluminium oxide in presence of cryolite.

(C) Cyanide ion is used as ligand for leaching of silver.

(D) Phosphine act as a ligand in Wilkinson catalyst.

(E) The stability constants of $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$ are similar with EDTA complexes.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

<p>Let's examine each statement for correctness:</p> <p>(A) Ethane-1, 2-diamine is a chelating ligand.</p> <p>Ethane-1,2-diamine, also known as ethylenediamine (en), has two nitrogen atoms that can coordinate to a metal ion, forming a ring structure in the process. Because it can form these two bonds, it can "chelate" a metal ion, thus it is correctly identified as a chelating ligand.</p> <p>(B) Metallic aluminium is produced by electrolysis of aluminium oxide in presence of cryolite.</p> <p>Aluminium is indeed produced industrially by the Hall-Héroult process, which involves the electrolysis of aluminium oxide ($\mathrm{Al_2O_3}$) dissolved in molten cryolite ($\mathrm{Na_3AlF_6}$). Cryolite acts as a solvent for the aluminium oxide and reduces the melting point of the mixture, thus decreasing energy consumption during electrolysis. This statement is correct.</p> <p>(C) Cyanide ion is used as a ligand for leaching of silver.</p> <p>Gold and silver are often extracted from their ores via a leaching process using a cyanide solution. The cyanide ion ($\mathrm{CN^-}$) complexes with the metal ions to form soluble complexes like [Ag(CN)$_2$]$^-$, enabling the separation of silver from the ore. So, this statement is correct as well.</p> <p>(D) Phosphine act as a ligand in Wilkinson's catalyst.</p> <p>Wilkinson's catalyst is $\mathrm{RhCl(PPh_3)_3}$, where PPh$_3$ stands for triphenylphosphine, a type of phosphine ligand. Phosphines are indeed ligands in Wilkinson's catalyst, and they play an important role in its catalytic activity, particularly in hydrogenation reactions. Therefore, this statement is correct.</p> <p>(E) The stability constants of $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$ are similar with EDTA complexes.</p> <p>EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) forms strong complexes with many metal ions including $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ and $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$. However, the stability constants of their complexes with EDTA are not similar; the stability constant for the calcium complex is notably higher than that for the magnesium complex. Thus, this statement is incorrect.</p> <p>With all the information above, we can conclude:</p> <p>(A) is correct, (B) is correct, (C) is correct, (D) is correct, and (E) is incorrect.</p> <p>Therefore, the correct statements are (A), (B), (C), and (D), making Option D—(A), (B), (C) only—the correct choice.</p>