If the points $\mathrm{P}$ and $\mathrm{Q}$ are respectively the circumcenter and the orthocentre of a $\triangle \mathrm{ABC}$, then $$\overrightarrow{\mathrm{PA}}+\overrightarrow{\mathrm{PB}}+\overrightarrow{\mathrm{PC}}$$ is equal to :
Solution
1. **Circumcenter $ P $**:
<br/><br/>The circumcenter of a triangle is equidistant from the vertices of the triangle. It is the center of the circumcircle, the circle that passes through all three vertices of the triangle.
<br/><br/>2. **Orthocenter $ Q $**:
<br/><br/>The orthocenter of a triangle is the point of intersection of its three altitudes. An altitude of a triangle is a perpendicular line segment drawn from a vertex to its opposite side (or its extension).
<br/><br/>3. **Centroid $ G $**:
<br/><br/>The centroid of a triangle is the point of intersection of its medians. A median of a triangle is a line segment joining a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side. The centroid always divides each median in a 2:1 ratio, with the larger segment being closer to the vertex.
<br/><br/>With the above definitions, it's known that the centroid divides the line segment joining the circumcenter and orthocenter in the ratio 2 : 1, meaning :
<br/><br/>$ \overrightarrow{PG} = \frac{2}{3} \overrightarrow{PQ} $
<br/><br/>$ \overrightarrow{PQ} = 3\overrightarrow{PG} $
<p>The position vector of the centroid $G$ in terms of the vertices $A, B,$ and $C$ is :
<br/><br/>$ \overrightarrow{G} = \frac{\overrightarrow{A} + \overrightarrow{B} + \overrightarrow{C}}{3} $</p>
<p>Because $P$ is the circumcenter and is at the origin in this problem:
<br/><br/>$ \overrightarrow{PA} = \overrightarrow{A} $
<br/><br/>$ \overrightarrow{PB} = \overrightarrow{B} $
<br/><br/>$ \overrightarrow{PC} = \overrightarrow{C} $</p>
<p>Substituting these into the equation for $G$ :
<br/><br/>$ \overrightarrow{PG} = \frac{\overrightarrow{PA} + \overrightarrow{PB} + \overrightarrow{PC}}{3} $</p>
<p>Now, using the relationship between $PQ$ and $PG$ established earlier :
<br/><br/>$ \overrightarrow{PQ} = 3\overrightarrow{PG} = \overrightarrow{PA} + \overrightarrow{PB} + \overrightarrow{PC} $</p>
About this question
Subject: Mathematics · Chapter: Vector Algebra · Topic: Types of Vectors
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