Let $y=y(x), y > 0$, be a solution curve of the differential equation $\left(1+x^{2}\right) \mathrm{d} y=y(x-y) \mathrm{d} x$. If $y(0)=1$ and $y(2 \sqrt{2})=\beta$, then
Solution
$$
\begin{aligned}
& \left(1+x^2\right) d y=y(x-y) d x \\\\
& y(0)=1 \cdot y(2 \sqrt{2})=\beta \\\\
& \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{y x-y^2}{1+x^2} \\\\
& \frac{d y}{d x}+y\left(\frac{-x}{1+x^2}\right)=\left(\frac{-1}{1+x^2}\right) y^2 \\\\
& \frac{1}{y^2} \frac{d y}{d x}+\frac{1}{y}\left(\frac{-x}{1+x^2}\right)=\frac{-1}{1+x^2} \\\\
& \text { put } \frac{1}{y}=t \text { then } \frac{-1}{y^2} \frac{d y}{d x}=\frac{d t}{d x}
\end{aligned}
$$
<br/><br/>$$
\frac{\mathrm{dt}}{\mathrm{dx}}+\mathrm{t} \frac{\mathrm{x}}{1+\mathrm{x}^2}=\frac{1}{1+\mathrm{x}^2}
$$
<br/><br/>$$
\text { I.F }=\mathrm{e}^{\int \frac{\mathrm{x}}{1+\mathrm{x}^2} \mathrm{dx}}=\mathrm{e}^{\frac{1}{2} \ln \left(1+\mathrm{x}^2\right)}=\sqrt{1+\mathrm{x}^2}
$$
<br/><br/>$t \sqrt{1+x^2}=\int \frac{\sqrt{1+x^2}}{1+x^2} d x$
<br/><br/>$$
\begin{aligned}
& \frac{1}{y} \sqrt{1+x^2}=\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}} d x \\\\
& \frac{1}{y} \sqrt{1+x^2}=\ln \left(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)+C \\\\
& \because y(0)=1 \Rightarrow C=1 \\\\
& \frac{1}{y} \sqrt{1+x^2}=\ln \left(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)+1 \\\\
& \text { For } y=2 \sqrt{2} \\\\
& \frac{3}{y}=\ln |2 \sqrt{2}+3|+1
\end{aligned}
$$
<br/><br/>$$
\begin{gathered}
y=\beta=\frac{3}{1+\ln |2 \sqrt{2}+3|} \\\\
\Rightarrow 3 \beta^{-1}=1+\ln |2 \sqrt{2}+3|
\end{gathered}
$$
<br/><br/>Isolating the term $e^{3 \beta^{-1}}$, we get :
<br/><br/>$e^{3 \beta^{-1}} = e^{1+\ln |2 \sqrt{2}+3|}.$
<br/><br/>This can be simplified using the rule $e^{a+b} = e^a e^b$ to :
<br/><br/>$e^{3 \beta^{-1}} = e \cdot e^{\ln |2 \sqrt{2}+3|}.$
<br/><br/>Since $e^{\ln(x)} = x$ for any $x$, this simplifies to :
<br/><br/>$e^{3 \beta^{-1}} = e |2 \sqrt{2}+3|.$
<br/><br/>Using the given value of $\beta$, which is $\frac{3}{1+\ln |2 \sqrt{2}+3|}$, we find :
<br/><br/>$e^{3 \beta^{-1}} = e |2 \sqrt{2}+3| = e (2\sqrt{2} + 3),$
<br/><br/>Since $2\sqrt{2}+3$ is positive and so the absolute value does not affect the result.
About this question
Subject: Mathematics · Chapter: Differential Equations · Topic: Order and Degree
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