Let $x=x(\mathrm{t})$ and $y=y(\mathrm{t})$ be solutions of the differential equations $\frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\mathrm{dt}}+\mathrm{a} x=0$ and $\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{dt}}+\mathrm{by}=0$ respectively, $\mathrm{a}, \mathrm{b} \in \mathbf{R}$. Given that $x(0)=2 ; y(0)=1$ and $3 y(1)=2 x(1)$, the value of $\mathrm{t}$, for which $x(\mathrm{t})=y(\mathrm{t})$, is :
Solution
<p>$$\begin{aligned}
& \frac{\mathrm{dx}}{\mathrm{dt}}+\mathrm{ax}=0 \\
& \frac{\mathrm{dx}}{\mathrm{x}}=-\mathrm{adt} \\
& \int \frac{\mathrm{dx}}{\mathrm{x}}=-\mathrm{a} \int \mathrm{dt} \\
& \ln |\mathrm{x}|=-\mathrm{at}+\mathrm{c} \\
& \mathrm{at} \mathrm{t}=0, \mathrm{x}=2 \\
& \ln 2=0+\mathrm{c} \\
& \ln \mathrm{x}=-\mathrm{at}+\ln 2 \\
& \frac{\mathrm{x}}{2}=\mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{at}} \\
& \mathrm{x}=2 \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{at}} \quad \text{.... (i)}
\end{aligned}$$</p>
<p>$$\begin{aligned}
& \frac{d y}{d t}+b y=0 \\
& \frac{d y}{y}=-b d t \\
& \ln |y|=-b t+\lambda \\
& t=0, y=1 \\
& 0=0+\lambda \\
& y=e^{-b t} \quad \text{..... (ii)}
\end{aligned}$$</p>
<p>According to question</p>
<p>$$\begin{aligned}
& 3 \mathrm{y}(1)=2 \mathrm{x}(1) \\
& 3 \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{b}}=2\left(2 \mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{a}}\right) \\
& \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{a}-\mathrm{b}}=\frac{4}{3}
\end{aligned}$$</p>
<p>$$\begin{aligned}
& \text { For } x(t)=y(t) \\
& \begin{array}{r}
2 \mathrm{e}^{-a t}=e^{-b t} \\
2=e^{(a-b) t} \\
2=\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)^t \\
\log _{\frac{4}{3}} 2=t
\end{array}
\end{aligned}$$</p>
About this question
Subject: Mathematics · Chapter: Differential Equations · Topic: Order and Degree
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