An organic compound undergoes first-order decomposition. If the time taken for the $60 \%$ decomposition is $540 \mathrm{~s}$, then the time required for $90 \%$ decomposition will be ________ s. (Nearest integer).
Given: $\ln 10=2.3 ; \log 2=0.3$
Answer (integer)
1350
Solution
For the first order reaction,
<br/><br/>$k=\frac{1}{t} \ln \frac{a}{a-x}$
<br/><br/>$\Rightarrow$ $t=\frac{1}{k} \ln \frac{a}{a-x}$
<br/><br/>When reaction is $60 \%$ completed,
<br/><br/>$x=\frac{60}{100} a=0.6 a, t=540 \text { seconds } ;$
<br/><br/>$k= \frac{1}{t_1} \ln \frac{a}{a-0.6 a}$
<br/><br/>$\therefore$ $t_1=\frac{1}{k} \ln \frac{a}{0.4 a}$
<br/><br/>When reaction is $90 \%$ completed, i.e., $x=0.9 a$
<br/><br/>$$
\begin{aligned}
k= \frac{1}{t_2} \ln \frac{a}{a-0.9 a} \\\\
\Rightarrow t_2=\frac{1}{k} \ln \frac{a}{0.1 a} \\\\
\therefore \frac{t_1}{t_2} =\frac{\frac{1}{k} \ln \frac{a}{0.4 a}}{\frac{1}{k} \ln \frac{a}{0.1 a}} \\\\
\Rightarrow \frac{540}{t_2} =\frac{\ln \frac{10}{4}}{\ln 10}
\end{aligned}
$$
<br/><br/>$\Rightarrow$ $\frac{540}{t_2} =\frac{2.3\log 10-2.3\log 4}{2.3\log 10}$
<br/><br/>$\Rightarrow$ $\frac{540}{t_2} =\frac{2.3-2.3(0.6)}{2.3}$
<br/><br/>$\Rightarrow$ $\frac{540}{t_2} =0.4$
<br/><br/>$\Rightarrow$ $t_2=\frac{540}{0.4}=1350$ sec
About this question
Subject: Chemistry · Chapter: Chemical Kinetics · Topic: Rate of Reaction
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